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WASHINGTON - June 20 - Nine out the 30 companies that comprise the Dow Jones Industrial
Index are convicted corporate criminals, according to a report released today
by Corporate Crime Reporter.
"This should put to rest the myth that indicting or convicting a corporation
of a crime results in an automatic death penalty for the corporation,"
said Russell Mokhiber, editor of Corporate Crime Reporter.
The Wall Street Journal in its lead editorial today, states flat out that "an
indictment against a corporation is usually a death sentence, whatever the ultimate
legal outcome."
"Not true," said Mokhiber.
"In fact, you can be a convicted corporate criminal and still have a robust
future - so much so, that you can become or remain a member of that rarified
group of 30 companies that make up the Dow Jones Industrial Index," Mokhiber
said.
Corporate Crime Reporter identified nine Dow Jones Industrial Index corporations
- 3M, Alcoa, Boeing, Exxon, General Electric, General Motors, Merck, Pfizer,
and United Technologies - that have been convicted of crimes.
In tallying the corporate criminals, the weekly newsletter did not include
crimes committed by joint venture companies or subsidiaries of the 30 corporations.
It looked only at whether or not the parent companies had been convicted of
crimes.
Below is a list of the 30 companies that comprise the Dow, and their crimes,
if any.
3M
Type of Crime: Campaign finance
Criminal Fine: $5,000
Source: Facts on File, February 1, 1975
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. pled guilty to five counts of making
illegal campaign contributions during 1972 to candidates for state and local
elections in Minnesota.
The firm was fined $5,000 for violating the state election law, which barred
the use of corporate funds as campaign contributions.
Alcoa
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3.75 million
Source: 5 Corporate Crime Reporter 29(6), July 22, 1991
The Aluminum Company of America pled guilty to environmental crimes and paid
$7.5 million in fines for hazardous waste and other violations at the company's
facility in Massena, New York.
The payment includes a criminal fine of $3.75 million, at the time the largest
fine ever assessed for a hazardous waste violation.
Altria (no convictions found)
American Express (no convictions found)
American International Group (no convictions found)
Boeing
Type of Crime: Illegal Use of Classified Documents
Criminal Fine: $5 Million
Source: 3 Corporate Crime Reporter 44(5), November 20, 1989
Boeing Company pled guilty to two felony charges of obtaining secret Pentagon
internal budgeting planning documents.
The company paid a $5 million criminal fine.
Caterpillar (no convictions found)
Citigroup (no convictions found)
Coca-Cola Inc. (no convictions found)
E.I. DuPont de NeMours & Co. (no convictions found)
Exxon Mobil Corp.
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $125 million
Source: 5 Corporate Crime Reporter 11(3), March 18, 1991
Exxon Corporation and Exxon Shipping pled guilty to federal criminal charges
in connection with the March 24, 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill.
The company was assessed a $125 million criminal fine.
Attorney General Dick Thornburgh called the fine "the largest single environmental
criminal recovery ever enacted."
The companies pled guilty to misdemeanor violations of federal environmental
laws.
Approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled from the Valdez, fouling
700 miles of Alaska shoreline, killing birds and fish, and destroying the way
of life of thousands of Native Americans.
General Electric
Type of Crime: Fraud
Criminal Fine: $9.5 million
Source: 6 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(7), July 27, 1992
General Electric Company pled guilty to charges of defrauding the federal government
of $26.5 million in the sale of military equipment to Israel.
The company paid $69 million in fines, penalties and damages for committing
the offenses. Of that, $9.5 million is a criminal fine.
The company pled guilty to diverting millions of dollars to a former Israeli
Air Force General to assist GE in securing favorable treatment in connection
with the F-16 program.
General Motors
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $5,000
Source: Multinational Monitor, December 1, 1999
Seventy years ago, clean, quiet efficient inner city rail systems dotted the
U.S. landscape. The inner city rail systems were destroyed by those very companies
that would most benefit from their destruction -- oil, tire and automobile companies,
led by General Motors.
By 1949, GM had helped destroy 100 electric trolley systems in New York, Philadelphia,
Baltimore, St. Louis, Oakland, Salt Lake City, Los Angeles and elsewhere.
In April 1949, a federal grand jury in Chicago indicted and a jury convicted
GM, Standard Oil of California and Firestone, among others, of criminally conspiring
to replace electric transportation with gas and diesel-powered buses and to
monopolize the sale of buses and related products to transportation companies
around the country.
GM and the other convicted companies were fined $ 5,000 each.
Hewlett-Packard (no convictions found)
Home Depot
Honeywell (no convictions found)
IBM (no convictions found)
Intel (no convictions found)
J.P. Morgan (no convictions found)
Johnson & Johnson (no convictions found)
McDonald's (no convictions found)
Merck
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $14 million
Source: 14 Corporate Crime Reporter 20(4), May 15, 2000
Two German pharmaceutical manufacturers - Merck KgaA and Degussa Huels AG -
and two U.S. pharmaceutical companies - Nepera Inc. and Reilly Industries Inc.
- agreed last week to plead guilty and pay criminal antitrust fines totaling
$33 million for participating in two separate worldwide conspiracies to suppress
and eliminate competition in the vitamin industry.
Microsoft (no convictions found)
Pfizer
Type of Crime: Antitrust
Criminal Fine: $20 million
Source: 12 Corporate Crime Reporter 30(1), July 26, 1999
Pfizer Inc. pled guilty and paid criminal fines totaling $20 million for participating
in two international price fixing conspiracies in the food additives industry.
Pfizer was charged with participating in a conspiracy to raise and fix prices
and allocate market shares in the U.S. for a food preservative called sodium
erythorbate, and to allocate customers and territories for a flavoring agent
called maltol.
Federal officials charged Pfizer with conspiring with an unnamed sodium erythorbate
producer to fix prices and allocate market shares on sodium erythorbate sales
in the United States from 1992 to 1994.
Federal officials also charged the corporation with conspiring with an unnamed
maltol producer to allocate customers and territories for sales of maltol in
the United States and elsewhere from 1989 until 1995.
Procter & Gamble (no convictions found)
SBC Communications (no convictions found)
United Technologies Corporation
Type of Crime: Environmental
Criminal Fine: $3 million
Source: 5 Corporate Crime Reporter 21(1), May 27, 1991
United Technologies Corporation pled guilty to six felony violations of federal
environmental laws and was fined $3 million, at the time the largest criminal
fine ever for a hazardous waste violation in the United States.
The charges related to the illegal discharge of hazardous waste at the company
Sikorsky Aircraft Division in Stratford, Connecticut in 1986.
Federal officials charged that an industrial solvent was dumped illegally on
the ground at the Stratford facility.
Verizon (no convictions found)
Wal-Mart (no convictions found)
Walt Disney Company (no convictions found)