Untitled Document
WASHINGTON — Coalition military intelligence officials estimated that 70%
to 90% of prisoners detained in Iraq since the war began last year "had been
arrested by mistake," according to a confidential Red Cross report given
to the Bush administration earlier this year.
Yet the report described a wide range of prisoner mistreatment — including
many new details of abusive techniques — that it said U.S. officials had
failed to halt, despite repeated complaints from the International Committee of
the Red Cross.
ICRC monitors saw some improvements by early this year, but the continued abuses
"went beyond exceptional cases and might be considered as a practice tolerated"
by coalition forces, the report concluded.
The Swiss-based ICRC, which made 29 visits to coalition-run prisons and camps
between late March and November last year, said it repeatedly presented its
reports of mistreatment to prison commanders, U.S. military officials in Iraq
and members of the Bush administration in Washington.
The ICRC summary report, which was written in February, also said Red Cross
officials had complained to senior military officials that families of Iraqi
suspects usually were told so little that most arrests resulted "in the
de facto 'disappearance' of the arrestee for weeks or even months."
The report also described previously undocumented forms of abuse of prisoners
in U.S. custody. In October, for example, an Iraqi prisoner was "hooded,
handcuffed in the back, and made to lie face down" on what investigators
believe was the engine hood of a vehicle while he was being transported. He
was hospitalized for three months for extensive burns to his face, abdomen,
foot and hand, the report added.
More than 100 "high-value detainees," apparently including former
senior officials in Saddam Hussein's regime and in some cases their family members,
were held for five months at the Baghdad airport "in strict solitary confinement"
in small cells for 23 hours a day, the report said.
Such conditions "constituted a serious violation" of the Third and
Fourth Geneva Conventions, which set minimum standards for treatment of prisoners
of war and civilian internees, the report said. U.S. intelligence agencies,
including the CIA and the Defense Intelligence Agency, conducted interrogations
at the site, but Army units were in charge of custody operations, officials
said Monday.
Portions of the ICRC report were published last week. The full 24-page report,
which The Times obtained Monday, cites more than 250 allegations of mistreatment
at prisons and temporary detention facilities run by U.S. and other occupation
forces across Iraq.
The report also referred to, but provided no details of, "allegations
of deaths as a result of harsh internment conditions, ill treatment, lack of
medical attention, or the combination thereof."
Spokesmen at the Pentagon and at U.S. Central Command headquarters said they
had not seen the ICRC report and could not comment on specific charges. ICRC
officials in Geneva said they regretted that the document became public. The
ICRC usually shares its findings only with governments or other authorities
to maintain access to detainees held in conflicts around the world.
Among the abusive techniques detailed in the report was forcing detainees to
wear hoods for up to four consecutive days.
"Hooding was sometimes used in conjunction with beatings, thus increasing
anxiety as to when blows would come," the report said. "The practice
of hooding also allowed the interrogators to remain anonymous and thus to act
with impunity."
In some cases, plastic handcuffs allegedly were so tight for so long that they
caused long-term nerve damage. Men were punched, kicked and beaten with rifles
and pistols; faces were pressed "into the ground with boots." Prisoners
were threatened with reprisals against family members, execution or transfer
to the U.S. lockup at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
The report also provides new details about the now-notorious Abu Ghraib prison,
the focus of the prisoner abuse scandal.
During a visit to the "isolation section" of Abu Ghraib prison in
October, ICRC delegates witnessed prisoners "completely naked in totally
empty concrete cells and in total darkness, allegedly for several consecutive
days."
A military intelligence officer, who is not identified in the report, told
the ICRC monitors that such treatment was "part of the process" in
which prisoners were given clothing, bedding, lights and toiletries in exchange
for cooperation.
The ICRC sent its report to the military police brigade commander in charge
of Abu Ghraib after the October visit, and the commander responded Dec. 24,
a senior Pentagon official said last week. But the Pentagon did not launch a
formal investigation into abuses at the prison until a low-ranking U.S. soldier
approached military investigators Jan. 13 and gave them a computer disc of photos.
The ICRC report also describes torture and other brutal practices by Iraqi
police working in Baghdad under the U.S.-led occupation.
It cites cases in which suspects held by Iraqi police allegedly were beaten
with cables, kicked in the testicles, burned with cigarettes and forced to sign
confessions.
In June, a group of men arrested by Iraqi police "allegedly had water
poured on their legs and had electrical shocks administered to them with stripped
tips of electrical wires," the report notes.
One man's mother was brought in, "and the policeman threatened to mistreat
her." Another detainee "was threatened with having his wife brought
in and raped."
"Many persons deprived of their liberty drew parallels between police
practices under the occupation with those of the former regime," the report
noted.