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Taking aim at the United States, Russia's defense minister Thursday threatened
retaliatory steps if any country puts weapons in space and said Moscow won't negotiate
controls over tactical nuclear arms with nations that deploy them abroad, Russian
media reported.
While he mentioned no country by name, Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov's comments
reflected persistent wariness over U.S. intentions, despite arms control deals
and increased cooperation between the Cold War foes since the 1991 collapse
of the Soviet Union.
"Russia's position on this question has not changed for decades: We are
categorically against the militarization of space," the Interfax news agency
quoted Ivanov as saying during a visit to the Baikonur space facility in Kazakhstan.
"If some state begins to realize such plans, then we doubtless will take
adequate retaliatory measures," ITAR-Tass quoted Ivanov as saying.
The comments came as the Bush administration reviews the U.S. space policy
doctrine. White House spokesman Scott McClellan said last month the policy review
was not considering the militarization of space. But he said U.S. satellites
must be protected against new threats that he said have emerged since Washington's
space doctrine was last reviewed in 1996.
Moscow's concerns about space-based weapons go back to the Soviet-era space
race and President Ronald Reagan's 1980s plans for a "Star Wars" missile
defense system.
In 2002, after the United States withdrew from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile
Treaty, China and Russia submitted a proposal for a new ban on weapons in outer
space.
But the United States has said it sees no need for any new space arms control
agreements. It is party to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which prohibits stationing
weapons of mass destruction in space.
Ivanov's comment about negotiating controls over tactical nuclear weapons was
also a clear reference to the United States, which has such arms in Europe.
"We are prepared to start talks about tactical nuclear weapons only when
all countries possessing them keep these weapons on their own territory,"
Interfax and ITAR-Tass quoted Ivanov as saying. "Russia stores its tactical
nuclear weapons on its own territory, which cannot be said about other countries."
The news agencies said Ivanov was responding to calls by former Sen. Sam Nunn
for a Russian-American agreement providing for accountability of each other's
tactical nuclear stockpiles, which have not been addressed by a series of treaties
reducing strategic nuclear arms.
Nunn, an architect of a major program to secure and destroy nuclear weapons
and materials in the former Soviet Union, has called for "transparent accountability"
of tactical weapons as a safeguard against nuclear terrorism.
Russia wants to keep its tactical nuclear weapons — and to keep their
number secret — to compensate for inferiority in conventional weapons,
said Alexander Pikayev, a nuclear expert with the Committee of Scientists for
Global Security.
The Bush administration has not publicly called for an agreement on accountability
and control over tactical nuclear weapons, which do not threaten U.S. territory,
Pikayev said.
However, a hawkish former top Russian military official, Col.-Gen. Leonid Ivashov,
said that Washington had tried unsuccessfully to put the issue on the agenda
of talks three times in the past, Interfax reported.
Ivashov spoke out strongly against any negotiations on tactical nuclear weapons,
saying information about them "is perhaps the only military secret that
we have," Interfax reported.