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Here’s a basic moral value: taking someone’s money without their permission
is stealing. Except in America, where, if you’re a corporation that takes
away someone’s pension, it’s okay. And the question is: Why isn’t
the progressive movement making a huge deal out of this?
With very little public outcry, we are letting corporate America dismantle
the private defined-benefit pension system. At the same time, huge salary and
pension benefits are lavished on executives. Remember, pensions are deferred
compensation—people put off getting money in their paychecks today because
of a promise that they would receive a specific amount of money (hence, the
term “defined benefit”) many years later. It’s their money,
not the companies’ money. The private pension was a fundamental pillar
of the American middle-class dream: If you saved now, you could still have a
middle-class life in retirement, and you wouldn’t have to gamble in the
stock market to do so.
Here are the amazing numbers: the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC),
the government agency that is supposed to protect the private pension system,
recently estimated that the amount of money currently owed to cover pension
liabilities is $450 billion; 851 pension plans are underfunded by at least $50
million. United Airlines may have been the biggest pension default ever but
we’re looking at a looming financial catastrophe: The PBGC, which takes
over defaulted plans, had a $23 billion deficit in 2004 and that’s just
the proverbial tip of the iceberg. Part of the crisis stems from the 1990s collapse
of the stock market and low interest rates (which keeps returns on bonds low).
On occasion, a news story has popped up cluing people in to the crisis. And
earlier this month, when a court allowed United Airlines to dump its four employee
pensions onto the government —the largest pension-plan default in U.S.
corporate history—there was a blip of interest. Soon it was forgotten,
except by the 134,000 workers who will lose an average of 25 to 50 percent of
the value of their pensions. But where are the voices of a national campaign
to confront the looting of peoples’ retirement funds?
The problem is simple: the system is gamed against workers, allowing corporations
to gamble with workers’ money. Corporate America played has used what
is effectively workers’ money to finance mergers and acquisitions, and
a lavish lifestyle for executives. The cruelest irony? When the PBGC collapses,
requiring a huge government bailout, it will be taxpayers who will foot the
bill. So, some of the same people who already gave up income for a promised
pension will indirectly pay a second time to rescue their own pension.
The government has played along with this scam. The PBGC’s decision to
let United dump its pensions, “shifted all the costs of poor management
decisions and competition to the oldest and most loyal workers,” said
Teresa Ghilarducci, a professor of economics at Notre Dame University. Worse,
she points out, the PBGC is violating the law which requires it to “encourage
the continuation and maintenance of voluntary private pension plans for the
benefit of their participants,” not to let companies off the hook.
As for our elected representatives—Rep. George Miller, D-Calif., is a
notable exception—most of Congress is ignoring the problem. Miller just
introduced a bill that tries to stem some of the worst abuses by corporations
that file for bankruptcy, like preventing the additional funding of pensions
for executives when rank-and-file workers’ pensions are starved for cash.
I’m particularly perplexed at the lack of coordinated, mass protest by
labor. To me, this feels like an air-traffic controller moment. Back in 1981,
when Ronald Reagan fired the striking air-traffic controllers, unions failed
to see that fight as an assault on the entire labor movement. It wasn’t
the first union-busting act in America, but it ushered in more than two decades
of brass-knuckled assaults on unions because it set a tone of acceptability
and normality to something that had previously been viewed with a bit of distaste.
The obliteration of the retirement for 134,000 United Airlines workers is a
signal to corporate America that union-negotiated pensions are on the chopping
block and can be raided, tapped or eliminated for financial gain. Back in the
1980s, when bankrupt LTV Corp. tried to cut retiree benefits, thousands of people
took to the streets, and Congress responded, albeit with legislation that simply
made the bar a bit higher for corporations trying to cancel pensions. Now, we’re
facing a much bigger debacle—and, yet, the streets are calm. But everyone’s
pension is now in eminent danger.
Beyond labor, the relative inaction of progressives is baffling. I’d
wager that millions of mainstream Americans—self-described as moderate,
independents and even social conservatives—could be moved on this issue
alone. With progressives obsessing about finding the right message to connect
with Americans, I can’t think of a better issue: They are taking your
hard-earned money! Rather than hold yet another policy conference to ponder
the message, why aren’t there mass demonstrations in front of United Airlines,
the PBGC, or the courts that are allowing companies to ditch pensions?
Perhaps the answer is that the demise of the private pension is just another
example of something we are all vulnerable to: accepting pervasive corporate
power in an era of diminishing expectations. Wall Street is telling corporations
that pensions just burden their financial books, retarding stock prices. Companies,
in turn, are saying that if they are forced to fully fund pensions (which they
do not have to do now), they will dump pensions. So people—many of whom
probably never had a private pension—just shrug their shoulders and put
their faith in the stock market or inflated housing values.
It shouldn’t be so. Back in the Carter administration, people started
talking about a national pension system that would bridge or supplement what
people got through Social Security, partly by sharing the financial risks across
industries. It’s time to revive that idea. Beyond the policy, though,
is a powerful message: The security of a private defined-benefit pension, protected
from the casino-like atmosphere typical of plans now in vogue, is part of the
prosperity and opportunity that corporations must create as a cost of doing
business in our communities.