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Study of British journalists confirms entrenchment of class privilege |
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by Simon Whelan World Socialist Web Site Entered into the database on Monday, July 10th, 2006 @ 14:59:25 MST |
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Recent research has shown that at least half of Britain’s leading
news journalists were educated at private schools. This compares to just seven
percent of British children attending private schools. The research by the Sutton Trust into the “Educational Backgrounds of
Leading Journalists” also reveals that the number of private school attendees
amongst newspaper editors and commentators has increased in recent years. Some 54 percent of the top 100 newspaper editors, columnists, broadcasters
and executives were educated privately. They include such diverse figures as
Rebekah Wade, editor of Rupert Murdoch’s Sun newspaper, and Channel 4
news anchor Jon Snow. This is up from 49 percent in 1986, the last time similar research was conducted.
Only 14 percent of the top 100 attended a state comprehensive, as compared to
nine in ten of all British school children. The research also reveals that of
the 81 percent of the leading journalists who attended university, at least
half went to Oxford or Cambridge. Reflecting on the findings, Lee Elliott Major of the Times Higher Education
Supplement, who led the research for the Sutton Trust, concludes that the informal
nature of recruitment into the field encourages the educationally privileged.
The privately educated frequently arrive at recruitment with all the attributes
that a private education inculcates: confidence, good presentation and networking
skills, and often a prior knowledge of how the industry operates. Young people from wealthy backgrounds are also more likely to advance furthest
in the field because junior level employment in journalism subjects the trainee
to notoriously low pay and insecurity. Parental assistance, be it financial,
residential or both, is crucial in the early years. In London it would be almost
impossible to survive without such assistance. The Sutton Trust was founded by Sir Peter Lampl, a multi-millionaire. It provides
educational opportunities to young people from disadvantaged backgrounds so
as to facilitate the creation of a “meritocratic” society. But its
own research underscores how the UK has become ever more polarised between a
narrow elite and the broad mass of the population. Previous research by the Sutton Trust found that 70 percent of barristers in
the top chambers had attended private schools. One-third of MPs have done the
same, and this figure increases to 42 percent when surveying the leadership
of the official parties. The leaders of Britain’s major parties were educated
at the UK’s top private schools—Prime Minister Tony Blair at Fettes
and the Conservative’s David Cameron at Eton. One would have to go back to the Edwardian period to find a time when
class privilege was so entrenched. Another study sponsored by the Sutton Trust, conducted by researchers from
the London School of Economics in 2005, revealed that amongst Western industrialised
nations social mobility was the lowest in Britain, and was declining further. The research concluded that wealth was more clearly connected to educational
attainment in the UK than in other Western countries. The expansion of higher
education in Britain overwhelmingly benefited the children of the upper- and
middle-classes. Undergraduate study amongst the top 20 percent of society has
more than doubled since the late 1980s from 20 percent to 47 percent. But over
the same period, the numbers attending university from the bottom 20 percent
rose from six percent to only nine percent. The generation of British children born in 1970 has a far poorer chance of
becoming upwardly mobile than those born in 1958. Several factors are involved here. The opportunities that emerged as a result
of the economic boom and the expansion of the public sector in the aftermath
of World War Two benefited a section of working class children who, for the
first time, were recruited into the civil service, education and the service
sector. Privatisation and the slashing of public spending over the last 20 years have
served to shut off such possibilities. At the same time, these economic imperatives—which
are now enshrined in the programmes of all the official parties—have enabled
an unprecedented redistribution of wealth from the working class to a super-rich
elite. The improvements in the conditions of working people during the post-war period
were not simply the by-product of economic boom, however. They were also the
result of militant class struggles, in which socialist ideology was a crucial
component. These struggles forced social and political concessions from the
ruling class—including the establishment of the comprehensive education
system and university grants—that opened up the prospect of a higher education,
at least to some of the more academically gifted working class children. Reversing these gains required the political beheading of the working class,
with the Labour Party playing a leading part. It is no accident that some of
the sharpest increases in social inequality have taken place under Blair’s
“New Labour” government. The Sutton Trust’s research underscores the social factors that lie behind
the growing tendency of the news media to accept uncritically what governments
and big business tell them. Responsibility for determining, selecting and interpreting what constitutes
“the news” is dominated by a small, privileged layer of society.
Popular opposition to the Iraq war, for example, found only minimal expression
in the news media, which for the most part parroted the official justifications
emanating from Number 10. The willingness of so many leading journalists to
act as political mouthpieces for the government reflects the interests of a
layer that has a vested interest in perpetuating a social set-up that benefits
the rich and powerful. _______________________ Read from Looking Glass News Katie
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