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Behind the Spin, the Oil Giants are More Dangerous Than Ever |
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by George Monbiot The Guardian Entered into the database on Tuesday, June 13th, 2006 @ 12:17:36 MST |
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For a company that claims to have moved "beyond petroleum",
BP has managed to spill an awful lot of it on to the tundra in Alaska. Last
week, after the news was leaked to journalists, it admitted to investors that
it is facing criminal charges for allowing 270,000 gallons of crude oil to seep
across one of the world's most sensitive habitats. The incident was so serious
that some of its staff could be sent to prison. Had this been Exxon, the epitome of sneering corporate brutality, the news
would have surprised no one. But BP's rebranding, like Shell's, has been so
effective that you could be forgiven for believing that it had become an environmental
pressure group. These companies have used the vast profits from their petroleum
business to create the impression that they are abandoning it. Shell's adverts feature photos of its technologists in open-necked shirts and
showing perfect teeth (which proves they can't be real greens). They tell stories
of their brave experiments with wind power, hydrogen, biofuels and natural gas.
The chairman of Shell UK was one of the 14 signatories to a letter sent by businesses
to Tony Blair a week ago, calling for the government to exercise "bold
leadership on domestic climate change policy" in order to speed "the
transition to a low-carbon economy". BP's adverts tell the same story, illustrated with its logo - a kind of green
and yellow sunflower which looks rather like the Green party's. So what on earth
was it doing in Alaska, messing around with crude oil? Don't its filling stations
now dispense pure carrot juice? Admittedly BP's latest campaign, "exploring new ways to live without"
oil, was prefaced with adverts boasting about its new means of finding the stuff.
"By developing innovative technology like BP's Advanced Seismic Imaging,
we've been able to make discoveries that were unthinkable only a decade ago."
But even this campaign seeks to answer an environmental concern. For the past two or three years, environmentalists (myself included) have been
publicising the idea that global oil production might soon peak and then go
into decline. This possibility helps to demonstrate, we argue, that our dependence
on oil is unsustainable, and we must find means of giving it up. The oil companies
have seized our arguments and are using them for the opposite purpose: if oil
supplies are in danger, they must be permitted to prospect in new places. Whatever happens, they can't lose. If they invest in new exploration and production,
they secure lucrative control over a diminishing asset. If they fail to invest,
as they have done over the past 10 years, the price rises and they do even better.
In either case, they make so much money that they can throw a few billion into
developing alternative technologies without gulping, thus cornering the future
energy markets as well. Please don't misunderstand me. I am glad they are spending some of their money
this way. They are among the few companies able to achieve the economies of
scale required to bring down the price of expensive new technologies, such as
solar power and hydrogen fuel cells. The problem is that they are developing
these new capacities not in order to replace their production of oil, but in
order to supplement it. Their share price depends on the current and future
value of their assets. To sustain the future value, they aim for a "reserve
replacement rate" of 100%. In other words, however much oil they produce,
they seek to replace it with new discoveries. BP has, so far, managed to meet this target. Shell's desperation to do the
same led to the scandal two years ago over the misstating of its reserves. The
impression they have created in some of their adverts - that they are seeking
to move out of petroleum and into other products - is misleading. And though they have become more transparent, more responsive, less aggressive
in their engagement with the public, the impact of their core business is much
the same. BP has gone ahead with its extraction of natural gas from Tangguh
in West Papua, even though this means collaborating with the Indonesian government,
which annexed the territory and controls it by means of a vicious military occupation.
Three weeks ago, a demonstration outside BP's headquarters in London reminded
us that some of the land seizures, environmental damage and human rights violations
associated with its pipeline from Baku in Azerbaijan to Ceyhan in Turkey (which
came onstream on May 27) have been neither acknowledged nor addressed. BP admits
that the oil and gas it extracts produce around 570m tonnes of carbon dioxide
a year, roughly the same as the amount the UK emits. This is after it changed
its methodology to exclude some of its operations: otherwise it would have been
responsible for over twice that amount. Shell's practices look even worse. Though the flaring of gas from oil wells
in Nigeria was banned in 1969, it is still burning hundreds of millions of cubic
feet a day, wasting a precious resource and producing more carbon emissions
than everyone else in sub-Saharan Africa put together. The surrounding communities
are plastered with sticky soot. In April, Shell was ordered by a court in Lagos
to stop the flaring, but does not intend to do so until 2009. It has also been
fined $1.5bn for polluting the Niger delta, but won't pay pending its appeal.
Last year, Shell took five men from the Bog of Erris in Ireland to court for
refusing to allow its high-pressure gas pipeline to cross their lands. They
were jailed for 94 days. Green groups have begged it not to extract oil from
the seas around Sakhalin Island, off the east coast of Siberia, where a spill
could wipe out the world's last 100 western Pacific grey whales, but it won't
back down. To boost its reserves, it has just invested another $2bn in extracting
petroleum from oil sands in Canada. It would be hard to devise a more polluting
business. Both companies are cleverer than they used to be. They have stopped pretending
that climate change does not exist or that no one ever gets hurt by their projects.
Shell even publishes a list of its recent convictions. But this doesn't mean
they have stopped spinning. Shell's new sustainability report, for example, says it will reduce its carbon
dioxide emissions "by up to 2.5m tonnes a year" by burying the gas
in old oilfields in the North Sea. But it is using it to drive inaccessible
oil out of the reservoirs. It fails to explain whether the 2.5m tonnes is a
gross saving or a net saving (after the burning of the new oil has been taken
into account). I suspect the former, but until the UK has some effective corporate
reporting rules, companies can continue to give us only the information that
suits them. BP and Shell are to Exxon what New Labour is to the old Tories. The
language has changed, but the policies are pretty similar. The denial and aggression
which characterised Shell's approach at the time of the Brent Spar campaign
and the hanging of Ken Saro-Wiwa have gone. But it seems to me that this only
makes them more dangerous. ____________________ Read from Looking Glass News Chevron Latest Oil Co. With Colossal Earns Exxon profits surge to new record BP annual profit hits record high 22.34 billion dollars All "Corporatism" News Articles ____________ Peak Oil Happened on 12/16/2005... World at tipping point; oil peak arrives More on PEAK OIL - "Economics New" articles ________________ Peak Oil and the working class More Commentaries on PEAK OIL - "Economics Commentaries" |
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